Some Keywords
Compentence (knowing “r”) vs Performance (pronouncing “r”)
Child directed speech: The spesific language that adults use with young children.
Verbal Mapping: The interaction patterns occurs when an adult verbally describes (not just names) the object or action in the level of detail. “Where are your shoes? Yes those are your shoes.”
Reading Readiness: A particular point each child is ready to learn to read
Print awareness
Letter awareness
Proto words: made-up words “havhav” for dog
Telegraphic speech: one or two word speech of children “daddy milk”
Emergent Literacy : reading and writing behaviors prior to any type
Metalinguistic Knowledge: Conscious awareness of specific features of language, its structure, and how language units.
Levels of Language Knowledge
| Level | Typical Age of First Evidence | Definition | Example |
| Linguistic Knowledge | Toddless and preschoolers | Knowledge of how to use language and communicate | uses language to communicate needs |
| Metalinguistic Knowledge | Preschool and kindergarten | Conscious awareness of spesific features of language | begins to focus on and manipulate sounds in rhyming games or notice how letter represent sounds |
| Verbalization of Metalinguistic Knowledge | Late kindergarten and primary | Can verbally respond to questions about spesific language feautes | can explain how cup and pup sound alike |
Summary of Theoretical Perspectives on Language Acquisition
| Theory | Focus on Nature vs Nurture | Focus on aspects of language knowledge | Major Theorist(s) |
| Nativist | Nature | Syntactic | Chomsky |
| Cognitive Developmentalist | Nature | Semantic Morphemic | Piaget |
| Behaviorist | Nurture | Semantic Syntactic Morphemic | Skinner |
| Interactionist / Socioculturalist | Nurture | Pragmatic | Vygotsky Bruner Halliday |
Aspects of Language
Phonetic -Knowledge of sound system – sound-symbol system; phoneme based
Semantic -Knowledge of word meaning – oral word use accompanied bu gesture, facial expression, intonation
Syntactic– Knowledge of word order – sentense grammar
Morphemic – Knowledge of word structer – inflections and word structure tied to oral pronounciation
Pragmatic – Knowledge of how to use language in different settings – Language used differenly in carious face to face interactions
Semantic and Pragmatic have no critical period for first language while others have it like 10 – 14 years.
What to do?
- Peek-a-boo contributes to pragmatic development.
- Reading stories
- Recreating stories
- Questioning
Verbal Play – rhyming
Emergent Literacy Continuum
| Phase 1 – Observation |
| Phase 2 – Exploration |
| Phase 3 – Exprementation |
| Phase 4 -Communication |
| Phase 5 – Conventional reading/writing |
Makaleskop 